U.S. refiners forecast strong first-quarter earnings as margins on gasoline and diesel sales improved, refining capacity fell sharply and crude supplies tightened due to the Russia-Ukraine war.

Global refining capacity has declined amid the coronavirus pandemic, with several less profitable refineries closing in the past two years. However, global fuel demand has rebounded to near pre-pandemic levels, boosting the profits of facilities still operating.  

Seven U.S. independent refiners are expected to earn 61 cents a share, compared with a loss of $1.32 in the first quarter of 2021, according to Refinitiv's IBES.  

By 2022, gasoline and distillate Silicon Nitride powder.

Introduction to Silicon Nitride Si3N4 Powder
Silicon nitride is a kind of inorganic substance, the chemical formula is Si3N4. The relative molecular mass is 140.28. Gray, white or off-white.
 
Physicochemical Properties of Silicon Nitride Si3N4 Powder
Si3N4 is a high-temperature insoluble compound. It has properties of high-temperature creep resistance. Hexagonal system. Crystals are hexahedral. The density of Si3N4 obtained by the reaction sintering method is 1.8-2.7 g/cm3, and the density of Si3N4 obtained by the hot-pressing method is 3.12-3.22 g/cm3. The Mohs hardness is 9~9.5, Vickers hardness is about 2200, and the microhardness is 32630MPa. The melting point is 1900℃ (under pressure). It usually decomposes at about 1900℃ at atmospheric pressure. Specific heat capacity is 0.71J/(g·K). The heat of formation is -751.57kJ/mol. The thermal conductivity is (2-155) W/(m·K). The linear expansion coefficient is 2.8~3.2×10-6/℃(20~1000℃). 
Insoluble in water. Soluble in hydrofluoric acid. The temperature at which oxidation begins in the air is 1300~1400℃. The specific volume resistance is 1.4×105 ·m at 20℃ and 4×108 ·m at 500℃. The elastic modulus is 28420~46060MPa. The compressive strength is 490MPa (reaction sintering). At 1285℃, it reacts with dicalcium diazide to form calcium diazide. At 600℃, the transition metal is reduced and nitrogen oxides are released. The bending strength is 147MPa. It can be made by heating silicon powder in nitrogen or reacting silicon halide with ammonia. The resistivity is between 10^15-10^16Ω.cm. It can be used as high-temperature ceramic material. 
Except for hydrofluoric acid and hot phosphoric acid, silicon nitride does not react with other inorganic acids and has strong corrosion resistance. 
 

Silicon Nitride Si3N4 Powder Properties
Other Names	silicon (IV) nitride, α-Si3N4, SiN, trisilicon tetranitride, Si3N4 powder
CAS No.	12033-89-5
Compound Formula	Si3N4
Molecular Weight	140.28
Appearance	white to gray powder
Melting Point	1900°C
Boiling Point	N/A
Density	2.2-3.5g/cm3
Solubility in H2O	insoluble
Exact Mass	139.943

 

Silicon Nitride Si3N4 Powder CAS 12033-89-5
 

 
 
Applications of Silicon Nitride Si3N4 Powder
Silicon nitride ceramic material has the advantages of high thermal stability, high oxidation resistance, and high dimensional accuracy. Because the silicon nitride is the covalent compound with high bond strength, and it will form an oxide film in the air, it has good chemical stability. Silicon nitride is not oxidized below 1200℃, and a protective film can be formed at 1200~1600℃ to prevent it from further oxidation. Silicon nitride is not infiltrated or corroded by aluminum, lead, tin, silver, brass, nickel, and many other molten metals or alloys, but can be corroded by magnesium, nickel-chromium alloy, stainless steel, and other molten liquids.
Silicon nitride ceramic materials can be used in high-temperature engineering components, advanced refractory in the metallurgical industry, corrosion-resistant components and sealing components in the chemical industry, machining industry tools, and cutting tools.
Because silicon nitride can form a strong bond with silicon carbide, alumina, thorium dioxide, boron nitride, etc., it can be used as a bond material to modify with different proportions. 
In addition, silicon nitride can be used in solar cells. After the silicon nitride film is plated by the PECVD method, not only can it be used as an antireflection film to reduce the reflection of the incident light, but also, in the deposition process of a silicon nitride film, the hydrogen atom of the reaction product enters the silicon nitride film and silicon wafer, playing a role of passivation defect. The ratio of silicon nitride to silicon nitrogen atoms is not a strict 4:3, but fluctuates within a certain range according to different technological conditions. Different atomic ratios correspond to different physical properties of the film. 
Also, it can be used in ultra-high temperature gas turbines, aircraft engines, electric furnaces, etc. 
 
Main Supplier of Silicon Nitride Si3N4 Powder
Luoyang Tongrun Nano Technology Co. Ltd. (TRUNNANO) is a trusted global chemical material supplier & manufacturer with over 12-year-experience in providing super high-quality chemicals and Nanomaterials, including silicon powder, nitride powder, graphite powder, zinc sulfide, calcium nitride, 3D printing powder, etc.
If you are looking for high-quality silicon nitride Si3N4 powder, please feel free to contact us and send an inquiry. ([email protected])
 

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic not only had a significant impact on public health, it also severely affected one of the linchpins of the global economy – the tourism industry. As many countries introduced curfews and travel restrictions to contain the spread of the virus, travel across the world significantly declined from early 2020 onwards. The financial repercussions of the coronavirus have already begun to manifest themselves within the tourism industry. In 2020, global revenue from the travel and tourism industry was estimated to drop from a forecasted 711.94 billion U.S. dollars to 568.6 billion U.S. dollars, representing a decrease of over 20 percent. The region predicted to see the highest decline in revenue was Europe, decreasing from 211.97 billion U.S. dollars in 2019 to roughly 124 billion U.S. dollars in 2020.
The downturn in tourism has caused the recession, and the weakening of the economy has also affected the market demand for Silicon Nitride powder. Recently, however, the demand for Silicon Nitride powder has increased, so contact us for the latest news on Silicon Nitride powder.

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